Semantic field of the derivative nest *cap in the Russian language
https://doi.org/10.26907/2658-3321.2022.5.3.338-345
Keywords:
Indo-European languages, etymology, word formation, root nest, semantic field, lexical-semantic group, language sign demotivationAbstract
The purpose of this article is to build a semantic field "head" by means of borrowed lexemes containing the root *cap, as a result proof through etymological and derivational analysis of belonging to the same root nest of words that often have lost their original motivation. The material of the study is the lexemes of the Russian language, recorded in explanatory, derivational, etymological dictionaries, obtained by continuous sampling. In addition, the genetic origin of the Latin root *сaр from the Indo-European sound-symbolic root *kaр, which has undergone changes in terms of semantics and structure, is established. As a result of etymological and word-formation analyzes, it was possible to identify the nuclear concept “head”, which is a literal translation of the Latin word “caput”, which in turn in Russian has a branched seme structure consisting of 9 sememes. Despite the wide semantic range of the word in Russian, as shown by content analysis, within the central part of the semantic field of the root *cap, it is possible to distinguish lexemes that are included in only 3 lexico-semantic groups: “round object”, “front, upper part of something", "a person who is at the head of something / someone." The words caprice (kapriz), kapron (kapron) and capon (kaplun) remained on the periphery, having lost their natural motivation with a producing root.
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